Workflow

Workflows are a simple yet powerful construct that takes a callable and returns elements. Workflows operate well with pipelines but can work with any callable object. Workflows are streaming and work on data in batches, allowing large volumes of data to be processed efficiently.

Given that pipelines are callable objects, workflows enable efficient processing of pipeline data. Large language models typically work with smaller batches of data, workflows are well suited to feed a series of transformers pipelines.

An example of the most basic workflow:

workflow = Workflow([Task(lambda x: [y * 2 for y in x])])
list(workflow([1, 2, 3]))

This example multiplies each input value by 2 and returns transformed elements via a generator.

Since workflows run as generators, output must be consumed for execution to occur. The following snippets show how output can be consumed.

# Small dataset where output fits in memory
list(workflow(elements))

# Large dataset
for output in workflow(elements):
    function(output)

# Large dataset where output is discarded
for _ in workflow(elements):
    pass

Workflows are run with Python or configuration. Examples of both methods are shown below.

Example

A full-featured example is shown below in Python. This workflow transcribes a set of audio files, translates the text into French and indexes the data.

from txtai import Embeddings
from txtai.pipeline import Transcription, Translation
from txtai.workflow import FileTask, Task, Workflow

# Embeddings instance
embeddings = Embeddings({
    "path": "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-MiniLM-L3-v2",
    "content": True
})

# Transcription instance
transcribe = Transcription()

# Translation instance
translate = Translation()

tasks = [
    FileTask(transcribe, r"\.wav$"),
    Task(lambda x: translate(x, "fr"))
]

# List of files to process
data = [
  "US_tops_5_million.wav",
  "Canadas_last_fully.wav",
  "Beijing_mobilises.wav",
  "The_National_Park.wav",
  "Maine_man_wins_1_mil.wav",
  "Make_huge_profits.wav"
]

# Workflow that translate text to French
workflow = Workflow(tasks)

# Index data
embeddings.index((uid, text, None) for uid, text in enumerate(workflow(data)))

# Search
embeddings.search("wildlife", 1)

Configuration-driven example

Workflows can also be defined with YAML configuration.

writable: true
embeddings:
  path: sentence-transformers/paraphrase-MiniLM-L3-v2
  content: true

# Transcribe audio to text
transcription:

# Translate text between languages
translation:

workflow:
  index:
    tasks:
      - action: transcription
        select: "\\.wav$"
        task: file
      - action: translation
        args: ["fr"]
      - action: index

# Create and run the workflow
from txtai import Application

# Create and run the workflow
app = Application("workflow.yml")
list(app.workflow("index", [
  "US_tops_5_million.wav",
  "Canadas_last_fully.wav",
  "Beijing_mobilises.wav",
  "The_National_Park.wav",
  "Maine_man_wins_1_mil.wav",
  "Make_huge_profits.wav"
]))

# Search
app.search("wildlife")

The code above executes a workflow defined in the file `workflow.yml.

LLM workflow example

Workflows can connect multiple LLM prompting tasks together.

llm:
  path: google/flan-t5-xl

workflow:
  llm:
    tasks:
      - task: template
        template: |
          Extract keywords for the following text.

          {text}
        action: llm
      - task: template
        template: |
          Translate the following text into French.

          {text}
        action: llm

from txtai import Application

app = Application("workflow.yml")
list(app.workflow("llm", [
  """
  txtai is an open-source platform for semantic search
  and workflows powered by language models.
  """
]))

Any txtai pipeline/workflow task can be connected in workflows with LLMs.

llm:
  path: google/flan-t5-xl

translation:

workflow:
  llm:
    tasks:
      - task: template
        template: |
          Extract keywords for the following text.

          {text}
        action: llm
      - action: translation
        args:
          - fr

See the following links for more information.

• Workflow Demo
• Workflow YAML Examples
• Workflow YAML Guide

Methods

Workflows are callable objects. Workflows take an input of iterable data elements and output iterable data elements.

__init__(tasks, batch=100, workers=None, name=None, stream=None)

Creates a new workflow. Workflows are lists of tasks to execute.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
tasks		list of workflow tasks	required
batch		how many items to process at a time, defaults to 100	100
workers		number of concurrent workers	None
name		workflow name	None
stream		workflow stream processor	None

Source code in txtai/workflow/base.py

def __init__(self, tasks, batch=100, workers=None, name=None, stream=None):
    """
    Creates a new workflow. Workflows are lists of tasks to execute.

    Args:
        tasks: list of workflow tasks
        batch: how many items to process at a time, defaults to 100
        workers: number of concurrent workers
        name: workflow name
        stream: workflow stream processor
    """

    self.tasks = tasks
    self.batch = batch
    self.workers = workers
    self.name = name
    self.stream = stream

    # Set default number of executor workers to max number of actions in a task
    self.workers = max(len(task.action) for task in self.tasks) if not self.workers else self.workers

__call__(elements)

Executes a workflow for input elements. This method returns a generator that yields transformed data elements.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
elements		iterable data elements	required

Returns:

Type	Description
	generator that yields transformed data elements

Source code in txtai/workflow/base.py

def __call__(self, elements):
    """
    Executes a workflow for input elements. This method returns a generator that yields transformed
    data elements.

    Args:
        elements: iterable data elements

    Returns:
        generator that yields transformed data elements
    """

    # Create execute instance for this run
    with Execute(self.workers) as executor:
        # Run task initializers
        self.initialize()

        # Process elements with stream processor, if available
        elements = self.stream(elements) if self.stream else elements

        # Process elements in batches
        for batch in self.chunk(elements):
            yield from self.process(batch, executor)

        # Run task finalizers
        self.finalize()

schedule(cron, elements, iterations=None)

Schedules a workflow using a cron expression and elements.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
cron		cron expression	required
elements		iterable data elements passed to workflow each call	required
iterations		number of times to run workflow, defaults to run indefinitely	None

Source code in txtai/workflow/base.py

def schedule(self, cron, elements, iterations=None):
    """
    Schedules a workflow using a cron expression and elements.

    Args:
        cron: cron expression
        elements: iterable data elements passed to workflow each call
        iterations: number of times to run workflow, defaults to run indefinitely
    """

    # Check that croniter is installed
    if not CRONITER:
        raise ImportError('Workflow scheduling is not available - install "workflow" extra to enable')

    logger.info("'%s' scheduler started with schedule %s", self.name, cron)

    maxiterations = iterations
    while iterations is None or iterations > 0:
        # Schedule using localtime
        schedule = croniter(cron, datetime.now().astimezone()).get_next(datetime)
        logger.info("'%s' next run scheduled for %s", self.name, schedule.isoformat())
        time.sleep(schedule.timestamp() - time.time())

        # Run workflow
        # pylint: disable=W0703
        try:
            for _ in self(elements):
                pass
        except Exception:
            logger.error(traceback.format_exc())

        # Decrement iterations remaining, if necessary
        if iterations is not None:
            iterations -= 1

    logger.info("'%s' max iterations (%d) reached", self.name, maxiterations)

More examples

See this link for a full list of workflow examples.